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Google Professional Machine Learning Engineer exam is designed to test the knowledge and skills of professionals who are working in the field of machine learning. Professional-Machine-Learning-Engineer exam is considered to be one of the most challenging and comprehensive exams in the field of machine learning. Professional-Machine-Learning-Engineer Exam is designed to test the candidate's ability to design, build, and deploy machine learning models using Google Cloud technologies.

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Google Professional Machine Learning Engineer Certification Exam is an opportunity for individuals to validate their expertise in the field of machine learning. Google Professional Machine Learning Engineer certification exam is designed to test the individual's knowledge of machine learning concepts and their ability to apply these concepts in real-world scenarios. It is a rigorous exam that requires individuals to demonstrate their ability to design, build, and deploy scalable machine learning models using Google Cloud Platform.

Google Professional Machine Learning Engineer Sample Questions (Q140-Q145):

NEW QUESTION # 140
You have built a model that is trained on data stored in Parquet files. You access the data through a Hive table hosted on Google Cloud. You preprocessed these data with PySpark and exported it as a CSV file into Cloud Storage. After preprocessing, you execute additional steps to train and evaluate your model. You want to parametrize this model training in Kubeflow Pipelines. What should you do?

A. Add a ContainerOp to your pipeline that spins a Dataproc cluster, runs a transformation, and then saves the transformed data in Cloud Storage.
B. Deploy Apache Spark at a separate node pool in a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster. Add a ContainerOp to your pipeline that invokes a corresponding transformation job for this Spark instance.
C. Remove the data transformation step from your pipeline.
D. Containerize the PySpark transformation step, and add it to your pipeline.

Answer: A

Explanation:
The best option for parametrizing the model training in Kubeflow Pipelines is to add a ContainerOp to the pipeline that spins a Dataproc cluster, runs a transformation, and then saves the transformed data in Cloud Storage. This option has the following advantages:
* It allows the data transformation to be performed as part of the Kubeflow Pipeline, which can ensure the consistency and reproducibility of the data processing and the model training. By adding a ContainerOp to the pipeline, you can define the parameters and the logic of the data transformation step, and integrate it with the other steps of the pipeline, such as the model training and evaluation.
* It leverages the scalability and performance of Dataproc, which is a fully managed service that runs Apache Spark and Apache Hadoop clusters on Google Cloud. By spinning a Dataproc cluster, you can run the PySpark transformation on the Parquet files stored in the Hive table, and take advantage of the parallelism and speed of Spark. Dataproc also supports various features and integrations, such as autoscaling, preemptible VMs, and connectors to other Google Cloud services, that can optimize the data processing and reduce the cost.
* It simplifies the data storage and access, as the transformed data is saved in Cloud Storage, which is a scalable, durable, and secure object storage service. By saving the transformed data in Cloud Storage, you can avoid the overhead and complexity of managing the data in the Hive table or the Parquet files.
Moreover, you can easily access the transformed data from Cloud Storage, using various tools and frameworks, such as TensorFlow, BigQuery, or Vertex AI.
The other options are less optimal for the following reasons:
* Option A: Removing the data transformation step from the pipeline eliminates the parametrization of the model training, as the data processing and the model training are decoupled and independent. This option requires running the PySpark transformation separately from the Kubeflow Pipeline, which can introduce inconsistency and unreproducibility in the data processing and the model training. Moreover, this option requires managing the data in the Hive table or the Parquet files, which can be cumbersome and inefficient.
* Option B: Containerizing the PySpark transformation step, and adding it to the pipeline introduces additional complexity and overhead. This option requires creating and maintaining a Docker image that can run the PySpark transformation, which can be challenging and time-consuming. Moreover, this option requires running the PySpark transformation on a single container, which can be slow and inefficient, as it does not leverage the parallelism and performance of Spark.
* Option D: Deploying Apache Spark at a separate node pool in a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster, and adding a ContainerOp to the pipeline that invokes a corresponding transformation job for this Spark instance introduces additional complexity and cost. This option requires creating and managing a separate node pool in a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster, which is a fully managed service that runs Kubernetes clusters on Google Cloud. Moreover, this option requires deploying and running Apache Spark on the node pool, which can be tedious and costly, as it requires configuring and maintaining the Spark cluster, and paying for the node pool usage.

NEW QUESTION # 141
You need to build classification workflows over several structured datasets currently stored in BigQuery. Because you will be performing the classification several times, you want to complete the following steps without writing code: exploratory data analysis, feature selection, model building, training, and hyperparameter tuning and serving. What should you do?

A. Use Al Platform Notebooks to run the classification model with pandas library
B. Configure AutoML Tables to perform the classification task
C. Use Al Platform to run the classification model job configured for hyperparameter tuning
D. Run a BigQuery ML task to perform logistic regression for the classification

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 142
You are an ML engineer at a manufacturing company. You need to build a model that identifies defects in products based on images of the product taken at the end of the assembly line. You want your model to preprocess the images with lower computation to quickly extract features of defects in products. Which approach should you use to build the model?

A. Reinforcement learning
B. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)
C. Recommender system
D. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)

Answer: D

Explanation:
* Option A is incorrect because reinforcement learning is not a suitable approach to build a model that identifies defects in products based on images of the product taken at the end of the assembly line. Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning that learns from its own actions and rewards, rather than from labeled data or explicit feedback1. Reinforcement learning is more suitable for problems that involve sequential decision making, such as games, robotics, or control systems1.
However, defect detection is a problem that involves image classification or segmentation, which requires supervised learning, not reinforcement learning.
* Option B is incorrect because a recommender system is not a relevant approach to build a model that identifies defects in products based on images of the product taken at the end of the assembly line. A recommender system is a system that suggests items or actions to users based on their preferences, behavior, or context2. A recommender system is more suitable for problems that involve personalization, such as e-commerce, entertainment, or social media2.However, defect detection is a problem that involves image classification or segmentation, which requires supervised learning, not recommender system.
* Option C is incorrect because recurrent neural networks (RNN) are not the most efficient approach to build a model that identifies defects in products based on images of the product taken at the end of the assembly line. RNNs are a type of neural networks that can process sequential data, such as text, speech, or video, by maintaining a hidden state that capturesthe temporal dependencies3. RNNs are more suitable for problems that involve natural language processing, speech recognition, or video analysis3.
However, defect detection is a problem that involves image classification or segmentation, which does not require temporal dependencies, but rather spatial dependencies. Moreover, RNNs are computationally expensive and prone to vanishing or exploding gradients4.
* Option D is correct because convolutional neural networks (CNN) are the best approach to build a model that identifies defects in products based on images of the product taken at the end of the assembly line. CNNs are a type of neural networks that can process image data, by applying convolutional filters
* that extract local features and reduce the dimensionality of the data5. CNNs are more suitable for problems that involve image classification, object detection, or segmentation5. CNNs can preprocess the images with lower computation to quickly extract features of defects in products, by using techniques such as pooling, dropout, or batch normalization6.
References:
* Reinforcement learning
* Recommender system
* Recurrent neural network
* Vanishing and exploding gradients
* Convolutional neural network
* CNN techniques
* [Defect detection]
* [Image classification]
* [Image segmentation]

NEW QUESTION # 143
You are developing a Kubeflow pipeline on Google Kubernetes Engine. The first step in the pipeline is to issue a query against BigQuery. You plan to use the results of that query as the input to the next step in your pipeline. You want to achieve this in the easiest way possible. What should you do?

A. Use the BigQuery console to execute your query and then save the query results Into a new BigQuery table.
B. Use the Kubeflow Pipelines domain-specific language to create a custom component that uses the Python BigQuery client library to execute queries
C. Locate the Kubeflow Pipelines repository on GitHub Find the BigQuery Query Component, copy that component's URL, and use it to load the component into your pipeline. Use the component to execute queries against BigQuery
D. Write a Python script that uses the BigQuery API to execute queries against BigQuery Execute this script as the first step in your Kubeflow pipeline

Answer: C

Explanation:
Kubeflow is an open source platform for developing, orchestrating, deploying, and running scalable and portable machine learning workflows on Kubernetes. Kubeflow Pipelines is a component of Kubeflow that allows you to build and manage end-to-end machine learning pipelines using a graphical user interface or a Python-based domain-specific language (DSL). Kubeflow Pipelines can help you automate and orchestrate your machine learning workflows, and integrate with various Google Cloud services and tools1 One of the Google Cloud services that you can use with Kubeflow Pipelines is BigQuery, which is a serverless, scalable, and cost-effective data warehouse that allows you to run fast and complex queries on large-scale data. BigQuery can help you analyze and prepare your data for machine learning, and store and manage your machine learning models2 To execute a query against BigQuery as the first step in your Kubeflow pipeline, and use the results of that query as the input to the next step in your pipeline, the easiest way to do that is to use the BigQuery Query Component, which is a pre-built component that you can find in the Kubeflow Pipelines repository on GitHub. The BigQuery Query Component allows you to run a SQL query on BigQuery, and output the results as a table or a file. You can use the component's URL to load the component into your pipeline, and specify the query and the output parameters. You can then use the output of the component as the input to the next step in your pipeline, such as a data processing or a model training step3 The other options are not as easy or feasible. Using the BigQuery console to execute your query and then save the query results into a new BigQuery table is not a good idea, as it does not integrate with your Kubeflow pipeline, and requires manual intervention and duplication of data. Writing a Python script that uses the BigQuery API to execute queries against BigQuery is not ideal, as it requires writing custom code and handling authentication and error handling. Using the Kubeflow Pipelines DSL to create a custom component that uses the Python BigQuery client library to execute queries is not optimal, as it requires creating and packaging a Docker container image for the component, and testing and debugging the component.
References: 1: Kubeflow Pipelines overview 2: BigQuery overview 3: BigQuery Query Component

NEW QUESTION # 144
You are experimenting with a built-in distributed XGBoost model in Vertex AI Workbench user-managed notebooks. You use BigQuery to split your data into training and validation sets using the following queries:
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE 'myproject.mydataset.training' AS
(SELECT * FROM 'myproject.mydataset.mytable' WHERE RAND() <= 0.8);
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE 'myproject.mydataset.validation' AS
(SELECT * FROM 'myproject.mydataset.mytable' WHERE RAND() <= 0.2);
After training the model, you achieve an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC ROC) value of 0.8, but after deploying the model to production, you notice that your model performance has dropped to an AUC ROC value of 0.65. What problem is most likely occurring?

A. There is training-serving skew in your production environment.
B. There is not a sufficient amount of training data.
C. The RAND() function generated a number that is less than 0.2 in both instances, so every record in the validation table will also be in the training table.
D. The tables that you created to hold your training and validation records share some records, and you may not be using all the data in your initial table.

Answer: D

Explanation:
The most likely problem is that the tables that you created to hold your training and validation records share some records, and you may not be using all the data in your initial table. This is because the RAND() function generates a random number between 0 and 1 for each row, and the probability of a row being in both the training and validation tables is 0.2 * 0.8 = 0.16, which is not negligible. This means that some of the records that you use to validate your model are also used to train your model, which can lead to overfitting and poor generalization. Moreover, the probability of a row being in neither the training nor the validation table is 0.2 *
0.2 = 0.04, which means that you are wasting some of the data in your initial table and reducing the size of your datasets. A better way to split your data into training and validation sets is to use a hash function on a unique identifier column, such as the following queries:
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE 'myproject.mydataset.training' AS (SELECT * FROM
'myproject.mydataset.mytable' WHERE MOD(FARM_FINGERPRINT(id), 10) < 8); CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE 'myproject.mydataset.validation' AS (SELECT * FROM 'myproject.mydataset.mytable' WHERE MOD(FARM_FINGERPRINT(id), 10) >= 8); This way, you can ensure that each row has a fixed 80% chance of being in the training table and a 20% chance of being in the validation table, without any overlap or omission.
References:
* Professional ML Engineer Exam Guide
* Preparing for Google Cloud Certification: Machine Learning Engineer Professional Certificate
* Google Cloud launches machine learning engineer certification
* BigQuery ML: Splitting data for training and testing
* BigQuery: FARM_FINGERPRINT function

NEW QUESTION # 145
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